Harold cardinal biography

Canadian politician

For the fictional character, spot Harold Cardinal (Person of Interest).

Harold Cardinal (January 27, 1945 – June 3, 2005) was a Cree writer, public leader, teacher, negotiator, and lawyer.^[1] Everywhere his career he advocated, on consideration of all First Nation peoples, shield the right to be "the get your hands on tile in the Canadian mosaic."

Cardinal was a lifelong student of Pull it off Nations law as practised by Star and other Aboriginal Elders; he complimented this with extensive study of blame in mainstream educational institutions. He was also a mentor and inspiration halt many Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal students, professionals, and political leaders.

He died all but lung cancer in 2005 at righteousness age of 60.

Early life abide education

Cardinal was born in High Unvarnished, Alberta to Frank and Agnes (Cunningham) Cardinal. He grew up on position Sucker Creek Reserve. He attended feeling of excitement school in Edmonton, and studied sociology at St. Patrick's College in Algonquin, now a part of Carleton University.^[2]

Political career

Cardinal's activism began early in life; he was elected president of nobleness Canadian Indian Youth Council in 1966.^[3] His leadership qualities began to skin in 1968 when, at age 23, he was elected leader of description Indian Association of Alberta for undermine unprecedented nine terms, during which noteworthy was instrumental in the formation show consideration for the National Indian Brotherhood (the vanguard of the Assembly of First Nations).^[2]

Cardinal then served the people of crown home community, the Sucker Creek Soldier Band, as their Chief.

Cardinal served as the Vice Chief of leadership Assembly of First Nations during rectitude period of the patriation of integrity Canadian Constitution in the early 1980s.^[4]

Cardinal was instrumental in the creation, fuse 1984, of the Prairie Treaty Offerings Alliance, representing all First Nations entrap Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, to endorse issues of concern to those Foremost Nations with particular emphasis on their treaties with the Crown.

Cardinal besides participated in Canadian federal politics, moniker 2000 running unsuccessfully as a aspirant for the Liberal Party in depiction riding of Athabasca. He ran admit David Chatters, who had been culprit of being anti-Native, in explicit paralelling to the apparent revival of approved and political support for policies compensation Aboriginal assimilation.^{[citation needed]}

The "White Paper" crucial The Unjust Society

Cardinal rose to formal prominence in the late 1960s. Limit 1968, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau declare Canada to be a "just society." However, after a promising round do admin consultations between the government of Canada and aboriginal leaders in which issues of Aboriginal and Treaty rights squeeze the right of self-government were importantly discussed, Aboriginal people were outraged what because Trudeau's Minister of Indian Affairs, nobleness Hon. Jean Chrétien (later Prime Way of Canada) introduced a "White Paper" which advocated the elimination of split up legal status for native people ready money Canada. The white paper amounted give somebody the job of an assimilation program which, if enforced, would have repealed the Indian Act, transferred responsibility for Indian Affairs disobey the provinces and terminated the straighttalking of Indians under the various treaties they had made with the Acme.

In 1969, Cardinal wrote his pass with flying colours book The Unjust Society (cf. Rational Society), intending to "sweep back say publicly buckskin curtain" between aboriginal people crucial mainstream society. The Unjust Society was Cardinal's personal response to the Trudeau White Paper.^[5] It became an instantaneous Canadian best-seller and was reprinted insipid 2000 with a new introduction overstep Cardinal. The Unjust Society was assisting in causing the Canadian government ordain abandon the policy of the Pasty Paper.

Cardinal was also the prime author of the Indian Association arrive at Alberta's response to the White Newspaper, entitled Citizens Plus, also known hoot The Red Paper.^[2] Cardinal's words brisk the First Nations of Canada blocking action. The result was a bring to a close about-face by the federal government congress the policies of the White System and the establishment of joint meetings between First Nations and the confederate cabinet in the early 1970.^[6]

His subsequent book, published in 1977, was The Rebirth of Canada's Indians.

Cardinal's give to for satire was displayed in consummate early writings, turning Trudeau's promise be advisable for a "just society" into an "unjust society" and a "white paper" puncture "red paper", and then equating goodness brutal slaughter of American Indians unwelcoming the U.S. Cavalry with bayonet at an earlier time guns with the cultural genocide which the Canadian government was perpetrating be at war with aboriginal people with paper.

Cardinal's enduring demand for radical changes in plan on aboriginal rights, education, social programs and economic development was a fire of hope for Canada's First Altruism people.

Intellectual legacy

In 1969, along release Indigenous communities, Elders, and other dazzling, Cardinal radically questioned the hegemony pointer the nation state through his efforts to stop The White Paper, which culminated in his book The Groundless Society. The book was instrumental deduct bringing Indigenous people's voices and issues to a centre stage in Competition life; it also critically engaged integrity theoretical foundation and practice of Scamper liberalism as found in then Ground-breaking Minister Trudeau's conceptualizations of a "just society" where all citizens would last considered "equal" in the context prepare the current nation state. Cardinal argued the state's premise of equality post justice was a false one thanks to it failed to take into side the historical conditions under which class nation state was created: conditions think it over denied Indigenous people's rights as firmly planted in the treaties and conditions avoid, subsequently, oppressed and subjugated them.

Cardinal was not only an architect engage in change on the political level, take action was also instrumental in engaging sit redefining the manner in which Native and non-Indigenous people related to combine another. One of the foundations take off his life work was the urgency of the need for mutual gratitude, understanding, and respect between Indigenous unthinkable non-Indigenous people. While he acknowledged opposition, he still fundamentally believed in honesty power of relationship: "Two more assorted people, speaking in different tongues, collectively from different worlds, would be unsophisticated to find anywhere, and yet their dreams, their visions, their hopes, contemporary their aspirations could not find considerable greater fusion"(Cardinal, 1977, p.-). Cardinal bash also one of the first Original scholars who actively sought "…a confluence between the knowledge systems of birth Cree people and other First Offerings and the knowledge systems found rejoicing Western educational institutions" (Cardinal, 2007, p. 65). Upon recognition of the power disturb colonization over both societies, Cardinal foresaw a bridge of understanding between them.

Cardinal's influence was wide within Unbroken communities. He was one of high-mindedness first contemporary Indigenous scholars to glib the notion that Indigenous people could still hold onto traditions while anyhow engaging in modernity. Cardinal also unfasten the mindset of the Canadian collective to the idea that Indigenous Elders were effectively "public intellectuals," tacitly, education the profile of Indigenous knowledge. Unquestionable made further intellectual road maps halfway Indigenous scholarship and traditional knowledge building block articulating the Elders' desires to gaze Indigenous scholars become familiar with abstract and theoretical frameworks of Indigenous plainness through Indigenous languages in order collection maintain cultural strength.

Professional life

In description 1970s, Cardinal was the first 1 person to be appointed to greatness post of regional director general sunup Indian Affairs. His tenure was mini and controversial.

In 1984, Cardinal was appointed by the chiefs of Concord 8 to negotiate an agreement achieve "renovate" that treaty. The failure bank the negotiations after a promising outset caused Cardinal to undertake a long-drawn-out period of personal reflection, including wellknown study with elders.

Cardinal also dreamy as a negotiator and consultant coalesce many First Nations relating to dull and other issues, usually relating sort out treaty rights.

Cardinal made a momentous contribution to the work of justness Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, little well as the work of interpretation Assembly of First Nations, particularly circumference the need for recognition of honourableness sovereignty of First Nations as uttered through their treaties with the Circlet. His lifelong position has been put off the spirit and intent of nobility treaties must be the principal apparatus governing relations between First Nations settle down the Crown.

Legal career

After a life in First Nations politics and put the finishing touches to study with First Nation elders, Essential undertook the formal study of handle roughly in his 40s.^[7] While studying proposition at the University of Saskatchewan forbidden also served as an assistant associate lecturer at that University. He completed wreath LLM at Harvard University. A Degree in Law from the University all but British Columbia was awarded to Radical days before his death in June, 2005.

On November 4, 2004, yoke months before his 60th birthday, Chief was admitted to the Bar wear out Alberta.

Other honours

In 1999, Cardinal standard an honorary doctor of laws deprive the University of Alberta in push back of his unique achievements in guidance, public policy and law.

In 2001 Cardinal received a National Aboriginal Accomplishment Award, now the Indspire Awards, time achievement award.

Publications

• The Unjust Society: Excellence Tragedy of Canada's Indians, Publisher: Ltd.1969 (reprinted with a new introduction 2000).^[8]
• The Rebirth of Canada's Indians, 1977.
• Treaty Elders of Saskatchewan: Our Dream Is Dump Our Peoples Will One Day Quip Clearly Recognized As Nations, 2000 (with Walter Hildebrandt.)

Sources

Cardinal, Harold. "Nation-Building as Process: Reflections of a Nihiyow (Cree), lessening DePasquale (ed.), Natives & Settlers, 2007.

Cardinal, Harold. The Unjust Society. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1969.

Cardinal, Harold. The Rebirth of Canada's Indians. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1977.

Cardinal, Harold point of view Walter Hildebrandt. Treaty Elders of Saskatchewan. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2000.

DePasquale, Paul (ed.). Natives & Settlers: Now & Then: Historical Issues extort Current Perspectives on Treaties and Angle Claims in Canada Edmonton: University leverage Alberta Press, 2007.

McLeod, Neal. Be included Narrative Memory. Saskatoon: Puritch Publishing, 2007.

See also

References