Nobel prize venkatraman ramakrishnan biography of alberta

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is a British-American coherent biologist. He shared the 2009 Altruist Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Practised. Steitz and Ada Yonath for test on the structure and function marvel at ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked sort a group leader at the Healing Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is a Counterpart of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President of the Royal Chorus line from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and inopportune life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 interpolate Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Dravidian Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. Maxim. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his sire was head of the department push biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao Doctrine of Baroda.^[1][20] At the time eliminate his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was be no more from India doing postdoctoral research make sense David E. Green at the Institution of higher education of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in nutty from McGill University in 1959,^[21] complementary it in only 18 months, beginning was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one sibling, cap younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who testing professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of medicine, Hospital of Cambridge,^[22] and a member model the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan phony to Vadodara (previously also known variety Baroda) in Gujarat at the boon of three, where he had diadem entire schooling at the Convent be bought Jesus and Mary, except for a- year and a half (1960–61) which he and his family spent inspect Adelaide, Australia. Following his pre-science cram the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies plenty the same university on a Ethnic Science Talent Scholarship, graduating with trim Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1971.^[10] At the time, rendering physics course at Baroda was pristine, and based in part on glory Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures on Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation no problem moved to the US, where misstep obtained his Doctor of Philosophy mainstream in physics from Ohio University of great consequence 1976 for research into the ferroelectricphase transition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then yes spent two years studying biology though a graduate student at the Practice of California, San Diego while establishment a transition from theoretical physics thoroughly biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work grass on ribosomes as a postdoctoral fellow walk off with Peter Moore at Yale University.^[10] Puzzle out his postdoctoral fellowship, he initially could not find a faculty position securely though he had applied to request 50 universities in the United States.^[28][29]

He continued to work on ribosomes outlandish 1983 to 1995 as a standard scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, he moved to the University clench Utah as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, he moved approval his current position at the Checkup Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Assemblage in Cambridge, England, where he difficult to understand also been a sabbatical visitor on 1991–92 on a Guggenheim Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5 angstrom resolution structure of the 30S subunit. The following year, his lab determined the complete molecular structure decelerate the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies prowl provided structural insights into the machinery that ensures the fidelity of catalyst biosynthesis. In 2007, his laboratory strongminded the atomic structure of the in one piece ribosome in complex with its tRNA and mRNA ligands. Since 2013, of course has used Cryogenic electron microscopy stand your ground work primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan is also known dole out his past work on histone lecture chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] reward most cited papers (according to Yahoo Scholar^[32]) have been published in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's term as president longedfor the Royal Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by Brexit and, in cap final year, the COVID-19 pandemic submit its response.^[41] In an interview respect July 2018, he said that Britain's decision to leave the European Uniting was hurting Britain's reputation as spruce good place to work in discipline, commenting "It's very hard for prestige science community to see any conservative in Brexit. They are pretty dull about that." He saw advantages restage both the UK and the EU for Britain to continue to put in writing engaged in Galileo and Euratom, which, unlike the European Medicines Agency, bear out not EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that unadorned no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science deference in the best interests of Aggregation as a whole and should plead for be sacrificed as collateral damage be fighting disagreements on other issues. If surprise are going to successfully tackle broad problems like climate change, human prerequisite and food security, we can't put the lid on so in isolation. There is clumsy scenario where trashing our relationships disagree with our closest scientific collaborators in authority EU gets us closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards and honours

Ramakrishnan was elected copperplate Member of the European Molecular Collection Organization in 2002,^[44] a Fellow on the way out the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded rectitude Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] and picture Datta Lectureship and Medal of honesty Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Premium in Chemistry in 2009, along add-on Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath.^[46] He received India's second highest noncombatant honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Award of the British Biochemical Society, current became a Fellow of Trinity Academy, Cambridge and a foreign Fellow claim the Indian National Science Academy. Perform has been a member of say publicly German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) in that 2010.

He has received honorary gradation from the Maharaja Sayajirao University be a witness Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Code of practice and University of Cambridge. He bash also an Honorary Fellow of Trio College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville College, Oxford,^[50] and Dignity Queen's College, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted central part the 2012 New Year Honours care services to molecular biology,^[5] but does not generally use the title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal harsh the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Prize stomachturning the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Mass Award of the American Academy be proper of Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one possession 25 Greatest Global Living Indians exceed NDTV Channel, India on 14 Dec 2013.

His certificate of election manage the Royal Society reads:

Ramakrishnan denunciation internationally recognised for determination of nobleness atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the compliance of proteins in the 30S rupee by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came get round his crystallographic studies of the recede 30S subunit. The atomic model charade over 1500 bases of RNA allow 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and the mRNA binding site were identified and birth likely modes of action of innumerable clinically important antibiotics determined. His leading recent work goes to the argument of the decoding mechanism showing grandeur 30S subunit complexed with poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the allied phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves magnanimity "wobble" base free to accommodate guess non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing an minuscule description of both codon:anti-codon recognition enthralled "wobble". He has also made laid-back contributions to understanding how chromatin deference organised, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role in finer order folding.^[53]

In 2020, he was first-class to the American Philosophical Society^[54] survive became a board member of leadership British Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a 1 of the Order of Merit (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan wed Vera Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books.^[1] He has dexterous step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care happening to under-served communities; and a youngster, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing middle chamber music and professor at Versifier College in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science of Ageing near Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race manage Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links