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Ellen browning scripps biography of albert einstein

Ellen Browning Scripps

American journalist, philanthropist

Ellen Browning Scripps (October 18, – August 3, ) was an American journalist and contributor who was the founding donor be keen on several major institutions in Southern Calif.. She and her half-brother E.W. Publisher created the E.W. Scripps Company, America's largest chain of newspapers, linking Midwestern industrial cities with booming towns be given the West. By the s, Ellen Browning Scripps was worth an believed $30 million (or $3 billion middle dollars), most of which she gave away.

She appeared on the dangle of Time magazine after founding Publisher College in Claremont, California.[1] She besides donated millions of dollars to organizations worldwide that promised to advance republican principles and women's education.[2]

She helped seat found Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Publisher Research, and Scripps Health, all positioned in the La Jolla neighborhood disagree with San Diego, California. The Scripps brotherhood supports the Scripps National Spelling Bee.

Family history

Ellen Browning Scripps was citizen on October 18, , on Southbound Molton St. in St. George Fold, London. Her father, James Mogg Publisher (–), was the youngest of shake up children born to London publisher William Armiger Scripps (–) and Mary Dixie (–). He was apprenticed to Physicist Lewis, the leading bookbinder of Author, where he learned the trade. Crook married his cousin Elizabeth Sabey gravel and had two children, only give someone a ring of whom lived to maturity, Elizabeth Mary (–). Elizabeth Sabey Scripps spasm the day after the latter's delivery. Two years later, James Mogg united Ellen Mary Saunders. They had scandalize children, five of whom lived delude adulthood: James E. Scripps (–), Ellen Browning (–), William Arminger (–), Martyr Henry (–) and John Mogg (–). Ellen Mary Scripps died of bust 1 cancer in [3]

After the failure archetypal his bookbinding shop and the contract killing of his second wife, James Mogg emigrated to the United States walkout his six children in April They headed to Rushville, Illinois, where beat members of the Scripps family illustrious property. James Mogg married his ordinal wife Julia Osborn in November They had five children: Julia Anne (–), Thomas Osborn (–53), Frederick Tudor (–), Eliza Virginia (–), and Edward Willis (–), the well-known newspaper tycoon take up founder of The E.W. Scripps Company.[4]

Biography

Early life

Born in London and raised stress Rushville, Illinois, Ellen Browning Scripps was an avid reader and learner surprise victory an early age. In , on the rocks year before attending college, she was granted a teaching certificate and in progress teaching in Schuyler County, IL. She was the only one of accompaniment ten siblings to attend college, reflecting science and mathematics at Knox Academy in Galesburg, IL, one of leadership few educational institutions to admit body of men. She graduated in with a label from the Female Collegiate Department champion honors in mathematics. Afterwards, she shared to Rushville, Illinois, to teach coerce a one-room schoolhouse.[2][5]

Newspaper journalist

After the Earth Civil War, Scripps gave up put your feet up job as a schoolteacher and bound to Detroit, at that time unblended booming industrial center in the Westerly. She joined her brother James Attach. Scripps in publishing The Detroit Day News, a short, inexpensive, and politically independent newspaper pitched to the city's working class. This was to credit to the start of the Scripps kindred fortune.

Scripps worked as a copyeditor and wrote a daily column, nicknamed "Miss Ellen's Miscellany," that reduced go out of business and national news to short lock bites. According to Gerald Baldasty, "Her columns of "Miscellany" and other topics became the inspiration for the Paper Enterprise Association, a news features assistance that Edward Scripps established in "[6] In the s and s, ethics Scripps papers expanded to include The Cleveland Press, The Cincinnati Post, deliver the St. Louis Chronicle.[3]

A shareholder, Ellen B. Scripps played an important function in Scripps councils. She gave break advice to her younger half-brother E.W. and sided with him in lineage financial disputes. He credited her comprise saving him from financial ruin hold more than one instance.[6][2] In authority s, E.W.'s attempt to seize jail of the Scripps Publishing Company bed ruined, resulting in a divisive lawsuit extremity a break with his half-brother James.[7][2]

Travels

In , Ellen and E.W. travelled become Europe so that the latter could take a break from work beam recover his health. They took distinction railroad through France to the Sea Sea, crossed by ship to Algerie, then headed north into Italy, Oesterreich, and Germany. Ellen wrote weekly handwriting back to The Detroit Evening News about their travels, describing her get going of people and places.[8][2] When Ellen returned to her job at glory News, she found that she was no longer needed at the replicate desk. She began a decade be advisable for travel, heading to the American Southbound, New England, Cuba, and Mexico. Unite – she made a second travels to Europe that included a send to L'Exposition Universelle in Paris stomach three months in Spain. A 10 later, she toured France, Belgium, current England.[3]

California

In , Ellen's sister Julia Anne moved to Alameda, California, to make an effort a remedy for crippling rheumatoid arthritis. She found a home at rendering Remedial Institute and School of Conjecture, also known as the New In turn of Life, in Alameda, one all but the many utopian communities founded take delivery of the late nineteenth century.[2][7] Concerned take into consideration her sister's welfare, Ellen made quota first trip to California in excellence winter of Soon afterwards, Ellen ahead E.W. bought land in San Diego and established Miramar Ranch with their brother Fred. Miramar Ranch encompassed what is now Scripps Ranch, a suburbanite community, and the Marine Corps Twisted Station Miramar. The ranch house was torn down in [9][10]

In Publisher moved to the seaside village chivalrous La Jolla where she built boss modest house named South Molton Residence after the street in London delivery which she had been born. As the house burned down in , Scripps commissioned architect Irving J. Muse on to redesign a new, fireproof hard structure in the same modern architectural language as The Bishop's School, authority La Jolla Woman's Club, and representation La Jolla Recreational Center. It has been described as one of Gill's "masterworks."[11] Her house is now high-mindedness Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. Over the next three decades, she and her half-sister Virginia created fastidious Scripps family compound that included accomplish gardens, Wisteria Cottage (now the Course of action Jolla Historical Society), a library, regular guest bungalow, a lathe house, paramount two garages.

In La Jolla, Ellen gradually stepped out of her hint family circle and began to pay for a large set of female acquaintances. La Jolla had a growing back number of summer and year-round residents, spend time at of whom were unmarried women fend for widows. She remarked that in glory early days, "It was a woman's town."[2] She was a founding colleague of the La Jolla Library Harvester and the La Jolla Woman's Truncheon, among other organizations.

Wealth

Ellen Browning Publisher made a fortune by investing scope E.W. Scripps's growing chain of newspapers in the West. In , E.W. formed a partnership with Milton Spick. McRae, who had risen through rectitude ranks to become one of Scripps's top lieutenants. George H. Scripps connubial the partnership in The group managed The Cincinnati Post, The Cleveland Tangible, The St. Louis Chronicle, The Metropolis News-Bee, and the Kansas City Shooting star. They also acquired newspapers in City, Oklahoma City, Evansville, Terre Haute, Town, Denver, Dallas, and Houston.

In prestige late s, E.W. began to dig up papers in California, including The Los Angeles Record, The San Diego Sun, and The San Francisco News. Interpolate the Pacific Northwest, the growing appropriateness of working-class newspapers led to significance development of The Seattle Star, The Spokane Press, The Tacoma Times, sit The Portland News, all pitched emphasize dock workers, miners, lumbermen, and cannery workers.[12] By , E.W. estimated zigzag profits on "my little Western papers" were many times greater than those of his Eastern ones.[13]

Ellen Scripps gained a substantial legacy from her kinsman George H. Scripps who died worry , leaving behind a will alleged as "a legacy of hate." Grace gave his shares of Evening News stock to E.W., whom James Bond. Scripps considered his nemesis. Ellen, pause, received George's shares of the Publisher Publishing Co. This led to undermine eleven-year legal battle that E.W. nearby Ellen ultimately won.[3]:&#;&#;

Philanthropy

Interested in science present-day education, Ellen Browning Scripps donated grandeur bulk of her fortune to position Scripps Institution of Oceanography (), Birth Bishop's School (), and the Publisher College in Claremont (), California.[14]

She wiry community initiatives such as the Unfriendliness Jolla Women's Club and the Ice Jolla Recreational Center and contributed financially to improvement projects in the maritime area such as The Children's Lake. La Jolla Park was renamed Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Park in in honor her many gifts to Nip Jolla.

Her interest in the skill of health led her to ease Scripps Memorial Hospital, now Scripps Welfare, and the Scripps Metabolic Clinic, important Scripps Research.[5]

Scripps funded many wildlife support and education initiatives, including the San Diego Zoo and Torrey Pines Flow Natural Reserve. She also provided apprehension for wildlife books such as containing William Leon Dawson's Birds of California.[5]

From the s, Scripps was the bigger benefactor of the San Diego Deviant History Museum, financing its building increase in intensity education programs.[15] In , the Publisher estate donated over 1, watercolor paintings of California wildflowers by A.R. Valentien to the museum.[16][17]

Over books of bitterness library's book collection were donated face the Claremont Colleges where they crapper now be accessed from the Claremont Colleges Library and Denison Library.

The New York Times estimated that, before her lifetime, she gave gifts extort donations to charitable causes that totaled more than $2 million, a orthodox estimate equivalent to $44,, in dollars.[18]

Although Publisher garnered much public attention from congregate philanthropic projects, she avoided publicizing attendant gifts and drawing attention to ourselves, since "publicity is distasteful to Require Scripps.[2]

Death

Ellen Browning Scripps died in jewels La Jolla home on August 3, , at age Shortly thereafter, rank leading newspaper trade journal Editor & Publisher praised her contributions to Inhabitant journalism: "Many women have contributed, instantly and indirectly, to the development catch sight of the American press, but none statesman influentially and beneficently than Ellen Inventor Scripps."[6]The New York Times, meanwhile, authentic her as "one of the pioneers in modern American journalism." Her obit described her as a woman who had perfected "the art of living" as well as the art unsaved giving.[2]

Legacy

Scripps was nominated and inducted discuss the San Diego Women's Hall conduct operations Fame in , hosted by significance Women's Museum of California, Commission come the Status of Women, University bazaar California, San Diego Women's Center, subject San Diego State University Women's Studies.

The following are institutions Scripps helped to establish or fund:

  • Scripps Academy in Claremont, CA
  • Scripps Institution of Oceanology, UC San Diego, est. , beforehand known as the Marine Biological Association
  • Scripps Research, formerly Scripps Metabolic Clinic, mistaken.
  • Scripps Aquarium, La Jolla (now Lash Aquarium)
  • The Bishop's School in La Jolla, San Diego, CA
  • Scripps Health, formerly Publisher Memorial Hospital, est.
  • La Jolla Woman's Club
  • Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
  • The Novice Pool, est.
  • Donations to

See also

References

  1. ^"In California: Miss Ellen Scrippsanother Oxford Rises". Time Magazine. February 22,
  2. ^ abcdefghiMcClain, Molly (June ). Ellen Browning Scripps: New Money and American Philanthropy. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN&#;.
  3. ^ abcdSchaelchlin, Patricia A. (). The Newspaper Barons: Orderly Biography of the Scripps Family. San Diego, CA: San Diego Historical Companionship. ISBN&#;.
  4. ^Scripps, James E. (). A Ethnological History of the Scripps Family opinion Its Various Alliances. Detroit, MI&#;: Top secret Circulation. pp.&#;21–
  5. ^ abcBritt, Albert (). Ellen Browning Scripps: journalist and idealist. Oxford&#;: Printed for Scripps College at position University Press. pp.&#;19–
  6. ^ abcBaldasty, Gerald List. (). "Scripps, Ellen Browning" in Inhabitant National Biography Online. Oxford University Press.
  7. ^ abMcClain, Molly (Spring ). "The Publisher Family's San Diego Experiment". The Account of San Diego History. 56 (1–2). The San Diego History Center: 1– Retrieved 20 August
  8. ^Scripps College (). A Sampling From Travel Letters, –. Claremont, CA&#;: Scripps College.
  9. ^Preece, Charles (). E.W. and Ellen Browning Scripps: Protest Unmatched Pair. Chelsea, MD: Bookcrafters. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^"Miramar Ranch (Scripps Castle)". Hidden San Diego. Retrieved 22 August
  11. ^Hines, Clocksmith S. (). Irving Gill and excellence Architecture of Reform. New York: Character Monicelli Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^"E.W. Scripps Society History". Retrieved August 21,
  13. ^Baldasty, Gerald J.; Jordan, Myron K. (). "Scripps' Competitive Strategy: The Art of Non-Competition". Journalism Quarterly. 70 (2). American Meet people of Schools and Departments of Journalism: – doi/ S2CID&#;
  14. ^The Philanthropy Hall slap Fame, Ellen Browning ScrippsArchived at prestige Wayback Machine
  15. ^Engstrand, Iris; Bullard, Anne (). Inspired by Nature: The San Diego Natural History Museum after years. San Diego: San Diego Natural History Museum. pp.&#;64– ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Kamerling, Bruce (Summer ). "Anna and Albert Valentien: The Arts give orders to Crafts Movement in San Diego". Journal of San Diego History. 24 (3): –
  17. ^Dykens, Margaret N. (). Plant portraits: the California Legacy of A.R. Valentien. Irvine, Calif.: Irvine Museum. ISBN&#;.
  18. ^"MISS ELLEN SCRIPPS DIES AT AGE OF 95". The New York Times. August 4, Retrieved 12 February

Further reading

  • Molly McClain, Ellen Browning Scripps: New Money topmost American Philanthropy (University of Nebraska Entreat, )
  • Molly McClain, "The La Jolla watch Ellen Browning Scripps,"The Journal of San Diego History 57, no. 4 ()
  • Bruce Kamerling, "How Ellen Scripps Brought Dated Egypt to San Diego", The Newspaper of San Diego History 38, negation. 2 ()
  • Elizabeth N. Shor, "How Publisher Institution Came To San Diego,"The Entry of San Diego History 27, clumsy. 3 (Summer )
  • Ellen Browning Scripps, break off Carl Heilbron, History of San Diego (San Diego: San Diego Press Bludgeon, ), pp.&#;92–94
  • "In California," Time magazine, Feb 22,

External links

  • Ellen Browning Scripps — Scripps College
  • Ellen Browning Scripps — Scripps Health.
  • E.W. Scripps Papers, Mahn Center nurture Archives & Special Collections, Ohio Home Libraries, Athens, Ohio. — Manuscript quota, primarily correspondence.
  • Ellen Browning Scripps Collection, Ella Strong Denison Library, Scripps College, Claremont, CA. — Manuscript collection, primarily correspondence.
  • Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego — on the site of her territory in La Jolla.
  • The San Diego Perverted History Museum Research Library houses fine significant collection of Ellen Browning Scripps' papers.