William hanna and joseph barbera biography templates

American animator and cartoonist (–)

Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (bar-BAIR-ə^[1][2]Italian:[barˈbɛːra]; March 24, – December 18, ) was an American animator promote cartoonist, best known as the co-founder of the animation studio Hanna-Barbera.

Born to Italian immigrants in New Royalty City, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in and subsequently Terrytoons in ^[3] In , he moved to Calif., and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Barbera met William Hanna. The deuce men began a collaboration that was at first best known for handiwork Tom and Jerry.

In , make sure of MGM dissolved its animation department, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became the domineering successful television animation studio in class business, producing programs such as The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, Where Move backward and forward You?, Top Cat, The Smurfs, Huckleberry Hound, and The Jetsons. In , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Interest group for $12&#;million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company. Answer , the studio was sold nip in the bud Turner Broadcasting System,^[4] which merged get better Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., in ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors.

Hanna and Barbera directed seven Academy Award films arm won eight Emmy Awards. Their toon shows have become cultural icons, unacceptable their cartoon characters have appeared locked in other media, such as films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had fastidious worldwide audience of over million wind up in the s and have back number translated into more than 28 languages.

Early and personal life

Joseph Barbera was born at 10 Delancey Street cage up the Little Italy, Lower East Edge section of Manhattan, New York, accost ItalianSicilian immigrants^[5] Vincenzo Barbera (–), hereditary in Castelvetrano and Francesca Calvacca (–), born in Sciacca, her mother, as well named Francesca, was born there style well, as stated in his life, My life in 'toons, in which he also described himself as Sicilian.^{[6]:&#;17–18,&#;19,&#;34,&#;58,&#;61,&#;,&#;&#;[7][5][a][9][10][11][12][excessive citations]} He grew up speaking Romance, He had two brothers, Larry (–) and Ted (–), both of whom served in World War II. Thanks to a member of the United States Army, Larry participated in the raid of Sicily. Ted was a paladin pilot with the United States Crowd Air Forces and served in class Aleutian Islands Campaign.^{[6]:&#;91–95&#;} Barbera's father, Vincent, was the prosperous owner of match up barbershops who squandered the family luck on gambling.^[6]:&#;19&#; By the time Barbera was 15, his father had bad the family, and his maternal scribe Jim had become a father image to him.^{[6]:&#;22–24&#;}

Barbera displayed a talent gather drawing as early as the have control over grade.^{[6]:&#;25–26&#;} He graduated from Erasmus Foyer High School in Brooklyn in ^{[6]:&#;23&#;[13]} While in high school, Barbera won several boxing titles. He was fleetingly managed by World Lightweight Boxing Conqueror Al Singer's manager but soon gone interest in boxing.^{[6]:&#;30–32&#;} In , Barbera married his high school sweetheart, Dorothy Earl. In school, they had back number known as "Romeo and Juliet".^[6]:&#;28&#;

Barbera prosperous his wife briefly separated when significant went to California. They reunited on the contrary were on the verge of alternative separation when they discovered that Dorothy was pregnant with their first offspring. They had four children: two progeny, Neal and an infant boy who died two days after his outset, and two daughters, Lynn and Jayne, who has been a producer incline her own right.^[14] The marriage on the record ended in ^{[6]:&#;58,&#;61,&#;66,&#;90,&#;&#;} Shortly after top divorce, Barbera met his second helpmeet, Sheila Holden, sister of British seesaw and roll singer Vince Taylor, equal height Musso & Frank's restaurant, where she worked as bookkeeper and cashier. Opposite from Dorothy, who preferred to stay be inspired by home with the children, Sheila enjoyed the Hollywood social scene that Barbera often frequented.^{[6]:&#;–,&#;&#;[4]}

Career

Early career

During high school, Barbera worked as a tailor's delivery boy.^[6]:&#;28&#; In , he became interested bring into being animation after watching a screening clamour Walt Disney's The Skeleton Dance.^[15] Nigh the Great Depression, he tried unsatisfactorily to become a cartoonist for The NY Hits Magazine. He supported in the flesh with a job at a incline and continued to pursue publication gather his cartoons. His magazine drawings disseminate single cartoons, not comic strips, began to be published in Redbook, The Saturday Evening Post, and Collier's—the armoury with which he had the governing success.^{[6]:&#;35–36&#;} Barbera also wrote to Walt Disney for advice on getting in progress in the animation industry.^[16]:&#;&#; Disney wrote back, saying he would call Barbera during an upcoming trip to In mint condition York, but the call never occurred.^{[6]:&#;38&#;[17]}

Barbera took art classes at the Expose Students League of New York take up the Pratt Institute and was leased to work in the ink folk tale paint department of Fleischer Studios. Pigs , he joined the Van Beuren Studios as an animator and storyboard artist.^{[6]:&#;38–42&#;} He worked on cartoon heap such as Cubby Bear and Rainbow Parades and an earlier Tom professor Jerry. This Tom and Jerry keep in shape starred two humans; it was unconnected to Barbera's later cat-and-mouse series, granted both of these cartoons adopted representation name created in an book, Life in London, written by Pierce Egan. When Van Beuren closed in , Barbera moved to Paul Terry's Terrytoons studio.^{[6]:&#;53–54&#;}

In , Barbera created tiara first solo-effort storyboard about a amount named Kiko the Kangaroo. The plot was of Kiko in an plane race with another character called Dirty Dog. Terry declined to produce blue blood the gentry story. In his autobiography, Barbera vocal of his efforts&#;

"I was, quite dependable, not in the least disappointed. Distracted had proven to myself that Irrational could do a storyboard, and rove I had gained the experience a choice of presenting it. For now, that was enough."

The original storyboard, passed down strive the Barbera family, went on sell at auction in November ^[18][19]

Film

Lured by virtue of a substantial salary increase, Barbera keep steady Terrytoons and New York for picture new Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio in Calif. in ^{[6]:&#;58–59&#;[16]:&#;&#;} He found that Los Angeles suffered just as much give birth to the Great Depression as Brooklyn courier almost returned to Brooklyn.^[6]:&#;&#;

Barbera's desk was opposite that of William Hanna. Excellence two quickly realized they would fabricate a good team.^{[20]:&#;Foreword&#;} By , they had solidified a partnership that would last over 60 years.^[21][22] Barbera gift Hanna worked alongside animator Tex Avery, who had created Daffy Duck survive co-created Bugs Bunny for Warner Bros. and directed Droopy cartoons at MGM.^{[20]:&#;33&#;[23]:&#;18&#;}

In , Hanna and Barbera jointly sure Puss Gets the Boot, which was nominated for an Academy Award have a handle on Best (Cartoon) Short Subject.^[24][25] The apartment wanted a diversified cartoon portfolio, deadpan despite the success of Puss Gets the Boot, Barbera and Hanna's overseer, Fred Quimby, did not want next produce more cat and mouse cartoons, believing that those were already enough.^{[6]:&#;75–76&#;} Surprised by the success of Puss Gets the Boot, Barbera and Hanna ignored Quimby's resistance^{[20]:&#;45&#;} and continued doing well the cat-and-mouse theme.

By this time and again, Hanna wanted to return to method for Rudolf Ising, to whom significant felt very loyal. Barbera and Hanna met with Quimby, who discovered walk although Ising had taken sole benefit for producing Puss Gets the Boot, he never worked on it. Quimby, who wanted to start a unique animation unit independent from Ising, ergo permitted Hanna and Barbera to pay one`s addresses to their cat-and-mouse idea. The result was their most famous creation, Tom direct Jerry.^{[6]:&#;78–79&#;}

Modeled after the Puss Gets class Boot characters with slight differences, illustriousness series followed Jerry, the pesky eutherian who continuously outwitted his feline antagonist, Tom.^[26][27] Hanna said they settled telltale sign this cartoon's cat and mouse subject-matter because "we knew we needed figure characters. We thought we needed instability, chase, and action. And a fellow after a mouse seemed like neat as a pin good, basic thought."^[28] The revamped script first appeared in 's The The witching hour Snack.^{[20]:&#;46&#;} Over the next 17 maturity, Barbera and Hanna worked exclusively shove Tom and Jerry,^[24] directing more caress popular cartoon shorts.^[29] During World Contention II, they also made animated way films.^{[6]:&#;92–93&#;}

Tom and Jerry relied mostly keep an eye on motion instead of dialog.^[22] Despite lying popularity, Tom and Jerry have habitually been criticized as excessively violent.^{[30]:&#;42&#;[31]:&#;&#;} Dignity series won its first Academy Give for the 11th short, The Northern Doodle Mouse ()—a war-time adventure.^[26]Tom stand for Jerry was nominated for 14 Institute Awards, winning 7,^[32] more than popular other animated series featuring the exact same characters.^[21][33] Tom and Jerry also finished guest appearances in several of MGM's live-action films, including Anchors Aweigh () and, Invitation to the Dance () with Gene Kelly, and Dangerous Considering that Wet () with Esther Williams.^[33][34][35]

In joining to his work in animated cartoons, Barbera and Tom and Jerry constitution artist Harvey Eisenberg moonlit to scurry a comic book company named Dearfield Publishing.^[36] Active from to , Dearfield's titles included "Red" Rabbit Comics, Foxy Fagan, and Junie Prom.^[37][38]

Quimby accepted last Academy Award for Tom and Jerry without inviting Barbera and Hanna onstage. The cartoons were also released plea bargain Quimby listed as the sole impresario, following the same practice for which he had condemned Ising.^{[6]:&#;83–84&#;} Quimby flawlessly delayed a promised raise to Barbera by six months.^[6]:&#;82&#; When Quimby old in late , Hanna and Barbera were placed in charge of MGM's animation division.^[17][21] As MGM began pin down lose more revenue on animated cartoons due to television,^[39][40] the studio presently realized that re-releasing old cartoons was far more profitable than producing spanking ones.^{[6]:&#;2–3,&#;&#;} In , MGM ordered Barbera and Hanna's business manager to launch the cartoon division and lay fork everyone phone.^{[6]:&#;2–3,&#;&#;} Barbera and Hanna originate the no-notice closing puzzling because Tom and Jerry had succeeded.^[33]

Television

In , Barbera reteamed with his former partner Hanna to produce cartoon films for throng and theatrical release.^[27] The two ruined their different skills to the touring company as they had at MGM. Barbera was a skilled gag writer last sketch artist, while Hanna had top-hole gift for timing, story construction, explode recruiting top artists. Major business decisions would be made together, though bathtub year, the title of president alternated between them.^{[6]:&#;&#;[17][20]:&#;77,&#;&#;} A coin toss gave Hanna precedence in the naming human the new company ^{[20]:&#;Foreword&#;} first hollered H-B Enterprises but soon changed oratory bombast Hanna-Barbera Productions.^[17][40] Barbera and Hanna's MGM colleague George Sidney, the director insinuate Anchors Aweigh, became the third consort and business manager in the deportment and arranged a deal for attribution and working capital with Screen Ornaments, the television division of Columbia Movies, who took part ownership of honesty new studio.^{[20]:&#;81–83&#;}

The first offering from illustriousness new company was The Ruff & Reddy Show,^[27] a series which utter the friendship between a dog scold a cat.^[41] Despite a lukewarm comprehend for their first theatrical venture, Loopy De Loop, Hanna-Barbera soon established man with two successful television series: The Huckleberry Hound Show and The Yogi Bear Show. A survey showed go half of the viewers of Huckleberry Hound were adults. This prompted nobleness company to create a new cheerful series, The Flintstones.^[35][42] A parody look up to The Honeymooners, the new show followed a typical Stone Age family proper home appliances, talking animals, and main attraction guests. With an audience of both children and adults, The Flintstones became the first animated prime-time show run into be a hit.^[35][41][43]Fred Flintstone's signature cry, "yabba dabba doo," soon entered diurnal usage,^[8][35] and the show boosted influence studio to the top of magnanimity TV cartoon field.^[34] The company posterior produced a futuristic version of The Flintstones, known as The Jetsons. Even supposing both shows reappeared in the vicious and s, The Flintstones was in the middle of nowher more popular.^[41]

By the late s, Hanna-Barbera Productions was the business's most work television animation studio. The Hanna-Barbera works class produced over &#;animated half-hour television shows.^[35] Among the more than &#;cartoon leanto they produced were The Quick Inveigle McGraw Show, Top Cat, Jonny Quest, The Magilla Gorilla Show, The Mote Ant/Secret Squirrel Show, Scooby-Doo, Super Friends, and The Smurfs.^[27][33][44] The company additionally produced animated specials based on Alice in Wonderland, Jack and the Beanstalk, Cyrano de Bergerac, and feature-length pictures Charlotte's Web and Heidi's Song.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

As general as their cartoons were with hard-hearted audiences, they were disliked by artists.^[45] Television programs had lower budgets by theatrical animation, and this economic feature caused many animation studios to make a payment out of business in the fierce and s, putting many people strengthen the industry out of work.^[22][42] Hanna-Barbera was key in developing of toggle animation technique known as limited animation,^{[46]:&#;75&#;[47]:&#;54&#;} which allowed television animation to assign more cost-effective but often reduced quality.^{[27][33][44][48]} Hanna and Barbera had first experimented with these techniques in the prematurely days of Tom and Jerry.^{[6]:&#;74,&#;&#;} Blame on reduce the cost of each leaf, shows often focused more on sense dialogue than detailed animation.^[22][45]

The number exhaustive drawings for a seven-minute cartoon attenuated from 14, to nearly 2,, title the company implemented innovative techniques specified as rapid background changes to swelling viewing.^[42] Critics criticized the change distance from detailed animation to repetitive movements make wet two-dimensional characters.^[45] Barbera once said digress they chose to adapt to class television budgets or change careers.^{[46]:&#;75&#;[47]:&#;54&#;} Integrity new style did not limit say publicly success of their animated shows, sanctioning Hanna-Barbera to stay in business, catering employment to many who would differently have been out of work.^[42] Bottomless animation paved the way for time to come animated series such as The Simpsons, SpongeBob SquarePants, and South Park.^[45][49]

In Dec , Hanna-Barbera Productions was sold warn about Taft Broadcasting, renamed Great American Bond in , for $12&#;million.^{[6]:&#;,&#;–&#;} Barbera stomach Hanna remained at the head disparage the company until ^{[50]:&#;16&#;[51][52]:&#;&#;} The touring company was sold to the Turner Exhibition System for an estimated $&#;million.^[4] Historian began using Hanna-Barbera's television catalog chimp material for its new Cartoon Meshing cable channel in , and impervious to the mids, Hanna-Barbera was producing distinct original series for Cartoon Network, in the middle of them Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls.^[41] In , Turner merged indulge Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., who would eventually absorb Hanna-Barbera have dealings with Warner Bros. Animation.^[53]

Barbera and Hanna enlarged to advise their former company. They periodically worked on new Hanna-Barbera shows, including shorts for the series The Cartoon Cartoon Show and feature album versions of The Flintstones () careful Scooby-Doo ().^[35][54] In a new Tom and Jerry cartoon produced in , The Mansion Cat, Barbera voiced rendering house owner.^[55]

Ten days before Hanna's passing away from throat cancer in March , Hanna-Barbera was absorbed into Warner Bros. Animation, with the unit dedicated be the Cartoon Network original series spun off into Cartoon Network Studios. Barbera remained active as an executive maker for Warner Bros. on direct-to-video toon features and television series such gorilla What's New, Scooby-Doo? and Tom beam Jerry Tales.^[55][56] He also wrote, co-storyboarded, co-directed, and co-produced The Karate Guard (), the return of Tom give orders to Jerry to the big screen.^[57][58] Potentate final animated project was the direct-to-video feature Tom and Jerry: A Nuthatch Tale ().^[59]

Death

On December 18, , Barbera died of natural causes at diadem home in Studio City, Los Angeles, California, at 95, ending a seventy-year career in animation.^[60] His wife Girl was at his side at magnanimity end;^[60] he was also survived strong three children from his first marriage: Jayne (who worked for Hanna-Barbera), Lynn, and Neal.^{[6]:&#;–&#;} He is buried shock defeat Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Legacy

Most of the cartoons Barbera and Hanna created revolved around confirm friendship or partnership; this theme remains evident with Fred and Barney, Wilma Flintstone and Betty Rubble, Dick Indecent and Muttley, Tom and Jerry, Scooby and Shaggy, Ruff and Reddy, Jake Clawson/Razor and Chance Furlong/T-Bone, The Jetson family and Yogi & Boo-Boo. These may have reflected the close occupation friendship and partnership that Barbera mount Hanna shared for over 60 years.^[20]:&#;&#; Professionally, they balanced each other's abilities and weaknesses very well,^{[21][34][35][49]} but Barbera and Hanna traveled in entirely separate social circles. Hanna's circle of individual friends primarily included other animators. Barbera socialized with Hollywood celebrities—Zsa Zsa Physicist was a frequent visitor to her majesty house.^{[20]:&#;52–53,&#;–,&#;,&#;–&#;}

Their division of work roles complemented each other, but they rarely talked outside of work since Hanna was interested in the outdoors and Barbera liked beaches and good food impressive drink.^{[6]:&#;–&#;} In their long partnership, walk heavily which they worked with over 2, animated characters, Barbera and Hanna occasionally exchanged a cross word.^[27] Barbera said: "We understood each other perfectly, presentday each of us had a concave respect for the other's work."^[24] Hanna once told that Barbera could "capture mood and expression in a rapid sketch better than anyone I've astute known."^[56]

Barbera and Hanna were also in the middle of the first animators to realize righteousness enormous potential of television.^[48][61]Leonard Maltin says the Hanna–Barbera team "held a classify for producing consistently superior cartoons start burning the same characters year after year—without a break or change in structure. Their characters are not only lively superstars, but also a very cherished part of American pop culture".^[35][62] They are often considered Walt Disney's one and only rivals in cartoon animation.^[27][63]

Barbera and Hanna had a lasting impact on correspondents animation.^{[50]:&#;16&#;} Cartoons they created often erect the greatest lists.^[41][64] Many of their characters have appeared in films, books, toys, and other media.^[54] Their shows had a worldwide audience of shield &#;million people in the s sports ground have been translated into more best 20&#;languages.^[42] The works of Barbera stream Hanna have been praised not nonpareil for their animation but for their music. The Cat Concerto () increase in intensity Johann Mouse () have both antique called "masterpieces of animation" largely for of their classical music.^{[21][30]:&#;34&#;[31]:&#;&#;}

The Hanna–Barbera place won seven Academy Awards and altitude Emmy Awards,^{[65][66]:&#;32&#;} including the award superfluous The Huckleberry Hound Show, which was the first Emmy awarded to finish animated series.^[35][41] They also won these awards: Golden Globe for Television Acquirement (),^[65] Golden IKE Award – Peaceful Pioneers in Broadcasting (), Pioneer Trophy haul – Broadcast Music Incorporated (), Fleur-de-lis Award – NATPE Men of high-mindedness Year (), Licensing Industry Merchandisers' Exchange ideas award for Lifetime Achievement (), Governors Award of the Academy of Herd Arts and Sciences (), Jackie Coogan Award for Outstanding Contribution to Girlhood through Entertainment Youth in Film (), Frederic W. Ziv Award for Famous Achievement in Telecommunications – Broadcasting Splitting up College – Conservatory of Music Installation of Cincinnati (), stars on significance Hollywood Walk of Fame (), a few Annie Awards,^[20]:&#;&#; several environmental awards, swallow were recipients of numerous other accolades before their induction into the Entreat Hall of Fame in ^{[20]:&#;&#;[35][41]} Bayou March , the Academy of Iron Arts & Sciences and Warner Bros. Animation dedicated a wall sculpture gift wrap the Television Academy's Hall of Name Plaza in North Hollywood to Hanna and Barbera.^[67]

In , Barbera met reduce pop musician Michael Jackson, an greedy cartoon fan, in an unsuccessful action to arrange for Jackson to satisfying in Tom and Jerry: The Movie. Barbera drew five quick sketches line of attack Tom and Jerry for Jackson flourishing autographed them. Jackson autographed a be glad about of himself and his niece Nicole for Barbera with the words: "To my hero of yesterday, today, talented tomorrow, with many thanks for style the many cartoon friends you gave me as a child. They were all I had. – Michael"^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

See also

Notes

References